Automatic processing is usually done without any conscious awareness. This is known as automatic processing, or the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words. If someone asks you what you ate for lunch today, more than likely you could recall this information quite easily. Attentional processes later allow us to categorize information for further prioritize information in short-term memory stores. Encoding information occurs through automatic processing which takes in much more information than we will actually be able to further maintain. what should be attended to, and will be passed on to later memory systems and what is not). Once we receive sensory information from the environment, the brain processes and organizes this information (i.e.
The previous chapter on sensation and perception describes in detail how transduction occurs through the various sense organs which is how information becomes available for encoding. We get information into our brains through a process called encoding, which represents the act of taking in information and converting it to a usable mental form (Ashcraft & Radvansky, 2014). Retrieval, or getting the information out of memory and back into awareness, refers to the access and recall of information that has been encoded and stored properly. Storage is the retention of attended to information that has been encoded. This process begins with the encoding of information, then through rehearsal that information is stored, and finally the information is retrieved.įigure 8.01. Encoding involves the intake of information through the sensory receptors which allow further processing to take place. Memory can be thought of as occurring for the most part on a linear continuum, meaning memory occurs in time organized stages.
The importance of functional localization in the brain became clear, but did this also suggest there are specific area of the brain that are important for memory? There are several different types of memory, and certain regions of the brain are more important than other areas for some forms of memory. This concept is referred to as functional localization. After Paul Broca’s 1861 discovery that disruption to a specific area in the left frontal cortex (Broca’s Area) leads to deficits in language production, researchers and medical professionals began to understand other mental functions such as sensation, perception, and voluntary movement are also mediated by specific areas of the brain. Although a computer provides in many cases a useful analogy for human memory, there are still many differences which make our ability to encode, maintain and retrieve information unique.
Memory represents an information processing system therefore, we often compare it to a computer. Learning refers to a change in behavior that results from acquiring knowledge about the world and memory is the process by which that knowledge is encoded, stored, and later retrieved. Learning and memory operate together in order increase our ability for navigating the environment and survival. Describe and distinguish between procedural and declarative memory and semantic and episodic memory.Discuss the three basic functions of memory.By the end of this section, you will be able to:
0 kommentar(er)
